Association of salivary parameters and erosive tooth wear in preschool children

Abstract The aims of this study were to 1) assess the association between erosive tooth wear (ETW) according to the BEWE (Basic Erosive Wear Examination) scoring system and salivary parameters and 2) compare salivary parameters according to ETW severity in the subgroup of children with ETW. This cross-sectional study included 52 preschool children aged 5 years paired by sex. A calibrated examiner assessed ETW using BEWE criteria, and stimulated saliva was collected to determine salivary flow, osmolality, pH, and buffering capacity. The children were divided into two groups: without ETW (n=26; BEWE score 0) and with ETW (n=26; BEWE scores 1 and 2). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the magnitude of the association between ETW and salivary parameters and estimates of odds ratios (OR). In the unadjusted analysis, the ETW group was more likely to have lower salivary flow (OR = 0.079; 95%CI = 0.013-0.469; p = 0.005) and lower osmolality (OR = 0.993; 95%CI = 0.985-1.000; p = 0.049). In the adjusted analysis, salivary flow remained significantly associated with ETW (OR = 0.087; 95%CI = 0.014-0.533; p = 0.008). Lower salivary osmolality values were observed in ETW, especially in preschool children with more severe ETW (BEWE score 2). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) determined a salivary osmolality cutoff point of < 201 for the presence of ETW. In conclusion, salivary flow rate was significantly associated with ETW prevalence. Lower values of salivary osmolality were observed in preschool children with distinct erosive lesions with significant loss of tooth structure (BEWE 2).

Initial Mechanical Stabilization of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cements with Different Active Principles

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the initial mechanical stabilization of conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) indicated for the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) in different storage periods. Material and Methods: Specimens were divided according to the GIC (n=12): IZ - Ion-Z, KM - Ketac Molar Easymix, RS - Riva Self Cure, and GL - Gold Label 9. They were prepared and stored in distilled water. Superficial microhardness (SMH) was evaluated (KHN) in three phases: (A) after 1, (B) 3, and (C) 7 days of storage. Data were submitted to 2-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 5%). Results: The average KHN values for phases A, B, and C were, respectively, 33.05 ± 9.74; 33.21 ± 10.31 and 52.07 ± 11.75 (IZ); 50.35 ± 11.39; 66.05 ± 10.48 and 67.77 ± 13.80 (KM); 89.63 ± 15.59; 71.31 ± 23.86 and 57.70 ± 16.89 (RS); 42.18 ± 9.03; 68.54 ± 6.83 and 57.95 ± 8.24 (GL). Significant differences were observed: GIC, time, and interaction of both (p<0.05). KHN values differed between the groups, except in the GIC parameter for KM and GL. The time parameter values of phase A were lower than those of B and C, except for IZ and RS. Conclusion: The initial mechanical stabilization differed between the types of GIC tested and the storage time, and after the final period, all had similar SMH.

Correlation of salivary immunoglobulin A with Body Mass Index and fat percentage in overweight/obese children

Abstract Obesity is considered a risk factor for periodontal health due to the low- grade inflammation promoted by the increased adipose tissue. Objective: This study aimed to determine correlations and associations between gingival inflammation (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, and Gingival Index), salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA), and salivary parameters (salivary flow and osmolality) in normal-weight and overweight/obese children. Material and Methods: Ninety-one children, aged 6 to 12 years old (8.6±1.9 years), were divided into two groups according to their body mass index (BMI), circumferences, skinfold measurements and body fat percentage: normal- weight group (NWG; n =50) and overweight/obese group (OG; n =41). A calibrated examiner performed the clinical examination using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Gingival Index, and salivary collection. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and association tests ( p <0.05). Results: OG presented statistically higher s-IgA values compared with NWG, especially among the obese children ( p <0.05). Significant positive correlations between s-IgA and salivary osmolality in OG ( p <0.05), and between s-IgA and BMI values ( p <0.05) and body fat percentage ( p <0.05) were observed among all the children. Effect size varied from moderate for s-IgA values ( d =0.57) to large for BMI ( d =2.60). Conclusion: Gingival inflammation and salivary parameters were similar for NWG and OG; however, s-IgA presented higher values in OG, with correlations between BMI and body fat percentage.